https://repository.hneu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30279 Fri, 03 Apr 2026 18:30:28 GMT 2026-04-03T18:30:28Z https://repository.hneu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33139 Назва: Tourism and Digital Technologies: Analysis of the Relationship Автори: Stryzhak O. Короткий огляд (реферат): Based on a bibliographic analysis of the literature, it is determined that most current studies point to the impact of digitalization on tourism. Digital technologies are changing tourism preferences, consumption, and the essence of the interaction of tourism business entities. In this context, the study aims to identify the specifics of the relationship between the level of international tourism development and digital technologies. The purpose of the study is to determine the features of the relationship between the level of international tourism development and digital technologies. Methods such as bibliographic, standardization, correlation analysis, factor analysis without rotation and, factor analysis with rotation using the Varimax method, comparative analysis, graphical analysis were used in the article. The World Bank International Tourism Indicators (such as expenditures, the number of arrivals, the number of departures, and receipts) and the Network Readiness Index were used for the analysis. The data covers 130 countries for 2020. The research identified correlations between indicators of international tourism development and the Networked Readiness Index and its components. The analysis shows that there is a direct relationship between the analyzed indicators. Also, factor loadings were calculated in the paper using factor analysis without rotation and factor analysis with rotation by applying the Varimax method. The Varimax rotation method made it possible to identify two well-defined factors, one closely related to the Networked Readiness Index sub-indices and the second – to the international tourism indicators. By using factor analysis without rotation, one factor was identified. Based on this analysis, it was concluded that the level of international tourism development and the degree of digitalization of the economy are linked. In the case of determining the relationship between the sub-index Networked Readiness Index Technology and expenditures and the number of arrivals, this relationship was not identified. The results highlight the importance of digitalization in the tourism business. In doing so, the paper points out that in addition to digital technologies, tourism companies should also pay attention to other factors such as security, risks, fluctuating economic situation, changing geo-economic and social conditions, etc. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT https://repository.hneu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33139 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.hneu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33138 Назва: Fiscal Instruments of Regulatory Competition in the Face of Challenges to Macroeconomic Stability During a Pandemic COVID-19 Автори: Reznikova N.; Bulatova O.; Yatsenko O.; Ivashchenko O. Короткий огляд (реферат): The article’s relevance lies in need for empirical testing of theoretical concepts in the new economic conditions caused by the corona crisis. The purpose of the paper is to identify the manifestations of macroeconomic instability in the period before and after the pandemic and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of fiscal instruments of regulatory competition to achieve the goals of the stabilization policy of the governments of countries with developed economies. The research is based on the categories of theoretical and empirical levels of knowledge. The use of the method of analysis, abstraction and synthesis, induction and deduction, as well as the system-structural method, the method of idealization, made it possible to identify new forms of manifestation of the phenomenon of fiscal regulatory competition and establish its place in the implementation of the stabilization and incentive programs of the government. It was found that the stimulation of economic activity and the increase in net exports using the instruments of fiscal neo-protectionism occurs due to a simultaneous increase in employment and a decrease in the cost of domestically produced goods, accompanied by the rise in relative consumer prices for imported goods. Using economic analysis and mathematical modelling methods confirmed the hypothesis about the stimulating effect of fiscal policy. Based on the regression analysis of the mechanism of the fiscal channel of the stabilization policy of developed countries, which influenced the dynamics of the conjuncture in the period from 2018 to 2022, a conclusion was drawn regarding the strength of its impulse. It has been found that the fiscal channel less clearly transmits the impulse from the growth of expenditures (financed by loans) to the real sector. It is assumed that in the process of signal transmission, it scatters. It has been established that in the short term, in a recession, the fiscal impulse also does not cause a jump in inflation. In the context of inflationary growth in the United States, Japan, and Germany, there is a turn towards tightening monetary policy, which limits the use of financial instruments to counter the recession and therefore increases the demand for the benefit of fiscal tools to counter the recession. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT https://repository.hneu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33138 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.hneu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33137 Назва: The Problem of Comparing Financial Reporting Indicators in International Rating Systems for Enterprises Автори: Klok O. Короткий огляд (реферат): The article considers the problem of comparing financial indicators of international companies in the ratings formed by well-known analytical institutions. In practice, the methodology for evaluating and selecting data depends on market expectations and takes into account the requirements of the general public rather than industry professionals, so the question arises as for choosing the optimal system for evaluating the performance of multinational enterprises from different countries due to various managerial approaches, tax and accounting standards. The article aims to review the most common indicators and ratios used in international financial comparisons, and to prove (on the example of a global rating approach) that only the complex business analysis, even at a prior level, should be used for the reliable estimation of a company’s stability in the market. The study uses a database of key financial indicators of 2,000 companies included in the Forbes rating, such as sales, profit, asset and market value. Based on these indicators, the financial ratios were calculated and the characteristics of groups of enterprises were given by the methods of descriptive statistics. Net profit is emphasised as a key performance indicator, and it has been proven that the companies with the highest asset value do not have excessive financial ratios. The latest Forbes ranking covers companies from 61 countries, the leaders in headquartering the companies are the United States, China and Japan. It has been found that most companies have assets of up to $500 billion, while the market value of assets (calculated on the value of placed securities) is on average twice as low. The ranking also includes unprofitable enterprises (about 15% of the total), which indicates the lack of effective mechanisms for assessing the effectiveness of management of multinational enterprises and possible errors in investment decisions, as the focus is more on working capital and market coverage (sales) than the ability of management to develop strategic decisions. In the most stable companies, the ratio of net profit to sales does not exceed 20%, which proves the assumption of the advantage of moderate development and financial management. There is almost no correlation between profit/sales and asset value, while it is the strongest between asset value and market value of the company, and profit and market value. The companies with the largest assets have lower absolute and relative financial indicators than the average in the total sample of 2000 enterprises (with some exceptions). The practical significance of the article is the creation of a new sustainable international rating system of enterprises. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT https://repository.hneu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33137 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.hneu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33136 Назва: Factors in the Formation of Super-Cycles in World Commodity Markets Автори: Hrabynska I.; Kosarchyn M. Короткий огляд (реферат): Over the past few years, the world’s leading commodity markets have seen an upward trend in prices, which may indicate the beginning of a new super-cycle or may be of a short-term nature, driven by current changes in demand and supply. Commodity super-cycles are important for the global economy, especially for macroeconomic policies in commodity-exporting countries, and are also reflected in the dynamics of international financial markets. The purpose of the article is to determine the essence and features of super-cycles in world commodity markets as well as to identify the factors that led to the increase in commodity prices in 2020-2022. To solve the objectives set in the article, a number of general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition are used, namely the method of theoretical generalization, historical and logical methods, descriptive-analytical method, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstractlogical method and method of economic-statistical analysis. The article outlines the mechanism of deployment of the conjunctural cycle in commodity markets and its connection with long cycles of business activity, which are conditioned by the implementation of revolutionary technological innovations. It discusses the dynamics of the main composite commodity indices. The factors influencing the growth of prices for commodity assets at the micro and macro levels are identified. The article traces changes in the course of commodity super-cycles during the 20th and early 21st centuries and investigates their causes. It is revealed that global inflationary processes, the dynamics of the US dollar index as well as the disruption of supply chains in international trade due to the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the global growth of commodity prices in 2020-2022. At the same time, forecasts about the recession of the global economy caused by the large-scale military aggression of russia in Ukraine and the long-term consequences of the pandemic as well as macroeconomic policies of large economies aimed at overcoming excessive inflation may somewhat cool the prices of commodity assets. To assess the sentiments and expectations of economic entities, the dynamics of the basis for WTI oil is analyzed, which gives grounds to conclude that the price fluctuations in global commodity markets in 2020-2022 are short-term in nature as well as to question the beginning of a new super-cycle. Identification and forecasts of conjunctural fluctuations in global commodity markets are important without any exaggeration for all economic entities – both for producers in making strategic as well as tactical management decisions on the development of production and in the formation of structural and macroeconomic policies of the country in order to increase the export potential of the national economy and to ensure its competitiveness. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT https://repository.hneu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33136 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z