International mobility and redistribution of human capital: current trends and challenges for Ukraine

Abstract

The article provides an analytical overview of current scientific research on the issue of global competition for human capital and the international mobility of highly skilled professionals. The main theoretical approaches to understanding human potential are analyzed - human capital, institutional-structural, competence-ecosystem, and socio-cultural-opportunistic. Various models of managing international talent migration are summarized, and key policy directions for retaining, developing, and returning human capital are identified. The study outlines strategic priorities of national human capital policy, including institutional strengthening, the development of innovative ecosystems, support for diaspora networks, stimulation of professional mobility, and integration into the global knowledge exchange system. The article emphasizes that effective management of international mobility should be based on balancing openness to global circulation of talents with the protection of national development resources.