Analysis of Ukraine's position in the system of international economic relations from the point of view of innovative development

Abstract

The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of Ukraine's position in the system of international economic relations from the point of view of innovative development based on the statistical data of the Global Innovation Index for 2019–2025. The study is aimed at identifying key trends and structural features of Ukraine's innovation system. The analysis considers the dynamics of Ukraine's overall rating in the global innovation environment, and also analyzes in detail the main components of the innovation index, in particular the institutional environment, human capital and research, innovation infrastructure, market complexity, business complexity, knowledge and technological results. Based on the analysis, it was found that Ukraine's innovative development is characterized by contradictory trends. The country demonstrates significant scientific and educational potential, which is manifested in relatively stable positions in components related to knowledge generation, scientific research and training of highly qualified specialists. At the same time, there is a low efficiency of the institutional environment, insufficient development of innovation infrastructure, limited access to financial resources for innovation activities, as well as an insufficient level of interaction between science, business and the state, which significantly hinders the process of commercialization of scientific results and the introduction of technological developments into the real sector of the economy. The paper substantiates that the modern model of innovative development of Ukraine has signs of a structural disproportion between the potential for creating new knowledge and the possibilities of its economic use. In the system of international economic relations, this determines the specific role of Ukraine as a country that mainly exports intellectual potential, scientific developments and highly qualified personnel, while participation in the creation and scaling of high-tech industries remains limited. As a result, Ukraine acts more as a supplier of human and scientific and technical capital for global innovation systems than as one of the key centers for the formation of technological breakthroughs. Further strengthening of Ukraine's position in the global innovation environment requires comprehensive improvement of the institutional base, intensification of business innovation, development of innovation infrastructure, as well as formation of effective mechanisms for commercialization of scientific research and development results. The implementation of these areas can contribute to increasing the competitiveness of the national economy and strengthening the role of Ukraine in the system of international economic relations based on innovation.