Transformation of human capital strategies in the tourism industry under the influence of Economy 4.0

Abstract

The digital transformation of society affects socio-economic relations in all spheres of life, however, the degree of such influence differs depending on countries and regions. In the context of heterogeneity of modern digital technologies impact on industries in general and tourism in particular, the development and implementation of human capital strategies should be structured according to the degree of such impact. As far as the impact of modern digital technologies is significant for the tourism industry, it has to be taken into account when developing and implementing human capital strategies. The paper objective is to determine dependence of human capital in the tourism industry on the digitalization level of the economy. The following methods have been used: data standardization, cluster analysis, analysis of variance, K means method, SWOT analysis. The impact of changes caused by the transition to economy 4.0 on human capital strategies in the tourism industry has been assessed in the paper. The panel sample includes indicators of 61 countries for 2018. The analysis has revealed the patterns that allowed allocating countries into clusters. Cluster 1 (14 cases): countries with the average HCI and WDC value, which depend on tourism. Cluster 2 (13 cases): countries with a slightly above average HCI and WDC indicator, which are less tourism dependent. Cluster 3 (15 cases): countries with HCI and WDC value below average, not particularly dependent on tourism. Cluster 4 (1 case): outliers. Cluster 5 (18 cases): countries with above average HCI and WDC indicator, tourism dependent. The results of the calculations made it possible to identify patterns for clusters. A matrix of SWOT analysis of human resources and human capital strategies in tourism enterprises for Ukraine has been also proposed in the paper.