Advancements in Automated Virtual Unwrapping and Ink Detection of Carbonized Herculaneum Scrolls

Abstract

The article concerns the problems to noninvasively read the carbonized Herculaneum scrolls. Recent efforts have transitioned from isolating excerpts to establishing an automated pipeline capable of reading the entire collection. This paper reviews the technical progress made in X-ray tomography, automated segmentation, and machine learning-based ink detection between 2025 and 2026. This process includes adaptation to a new educational environment and integration into the social structure of a new team, which has a significant impact on the emotional and psychological state of an adolescent. Changing schools, even within the same country or community, can be stressful because of the need to adjust to new social rules, communication patterns, and expectations from peers and teachers. This problem becomes especially relevant in the conditions of war, globalization and population mobility, when teenagers are increasingly forced to change schools due to moving to other countries or regions. This exacerbates the cultural, linguistic and social challenges they face. Successful adaptation to a new team largely determines both their academic achievements and emotional comfort. Therefore, the issue of teenagers' adaptation to the new school environment is extremely important for understanding the processes of youth socialization and ensuring conditions for their successful integration into society.