Pedagogical Interaction in Hybrid Learning: Student Experience, Expectations, and Methodological Guidelines

Abstract

This article examines the pedagogical specificities of hybrid learning within Ukrainian higher education in the context of ongoing crisis conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and military conflict. The study analyses how technological, organizational, and psychological factors shape pedagogical interaction in hybrid environments, drawing on contemporary theoretical frameworks and empirical data collected through a student survey. The results demonstrate that the effectiveness of hybrid learning depends on technological stability, clear communication, balanced participation of online and in-person students, and instructors’ digital competence. While students reported numerous challenges—including technical instability and uneven instructor attention—they also identified significant advantages such as flexibility, accessibility, psychological comfort, and improved digital skills. Based on the findings, the article proposes methodological recommendations for enhancing pedagogical interaction and strengthening the resilience of hybrid learning models in modern higher education.