The Life Cycle of Innovations and Kondratiev Waves in the Context of the Conception of Industry 4.0

Abstract

The article demonstrates the effectiveness of applying the thermodynamics of non-equilibrium processes and synergetic approach to determine the features of the life cycle of innovations. As a model, an open dynamic system was considered, the elements of which have both positive and negative feedback. From this point of view, an analysis of the development of endogenous theories of long cycles was carried out. It is shown how views on the place of innovations in determining the nature of Kondratiev waves changed. It was determined that not the presence of innovations itself, but the formation of an innovation cluster is essential for the transition of the economic system to a qualitatively new state. Such a cluster consists of so-called improving innovations, the use of which contributes only to the quantitative growth of economic indicators, and the catalyst is basic (or system) innovations, the implementation of which determines the transition of the economic system to a new industrial type. In further studies, it is advisable to use this approach to the analysis of the ways of the evolution of the economy in conditions of sustainable development. Keywords: tThe article demonstrates the effectiveness of applying the thermodynamics of non-equilibrium processes and synergetic approach to determine the features of the life cycle of innovations. As a model, an open dynamic system was considered, the elements of which have both positive and negative feedback. From this point of view, an analysis of the development of endogenous theories of long cycles was carried out. It is shown how views on the place of innovations in determining the nature of Kondratiev waves changed. It was determined that not the presence of innovations itself, but the formation of an innovation cluster is essential for the transition of the economic system to a qualitatively new state. Such a cluster consists of so-called improving innovations, the use of which contributes only to the quantitative growth of economic indicators, and the catalyst is basic (or system) innovations, the implementation of which determines the transition of the economic system to a new industrial type. In further studies, it is advisable to use this approach to the analysis of the ways of the evolution of the economy in conditions of sustainable development.