Empirical Model of the Middle Latitudes Lower Ionosphere for Modeling of HF and VHF Radio Waves Propagating

Abstract

On the basis of the experimental electron density profiles N(z) obtained under quiet conditions at the V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University by partial reflection technique, there were constructed average-daily seasonal <N(z)> and their height gradients d<N>/dz profiles which were used for model calculating characteristics of the radio waves scattered by turbulent N irregularities.