Human capital mobility in the context of globalisation, technological change and demographic transformations

Abstract

The relevance of the research is stipulated by the need to study the impact of military actions on the mobility of human capital as a key factor of economic development in the conditions of the transformation period in Ukraine. The purpose of the study was to determine the main trends in the mobility of human capital and identify groups of factors, influencing the movement of labour resources in different economic and social conditions. Methods of comparative analysis, synthesis and systematisation were applied to achieve this goal. A comparative analysis made it possible to identify differences in mobility factors between different regions and countries. The synthesis method made it possible to integrate the obtained data and identify general patterns. Systematisation allowed for structuring the factors, influencing migration processes. In the course of research, it has been discovered that the key trends in the mobility of human capital include digitalisation of labour, the spread of remote work, the growth of international labour migration and the change in the structure of demand for professional skills. It has been found out that the war in Ukraine has significantly transformed migration processes, stimulating the outflow of highly qualified specialists abroad, as well as boosted internal mobility due to the movement of workers to safer regions. It has been proved that the interaction of globalisation, technological and demographic factors significantly affects the scale and nature of human capital mobility. In particular, the development of digital technologies has expanded the possibilities of remote work, which has become an important mechanism for adapting to crisis conditions. Demographic processes, such as population aging and increasing demand for young labour also affect the nature of international mobility. The practical significance of the study is determined by the possibility of using the results to develop strategies for adapting labour market to new conditions, improving mechanisms for regulating migration processes and increasing the efficiency of labour resource management.