E-commerce and sustainability: how businesses are adapting to environmental challenges

Abstract

The thesis explores the intersection of electronic commerce (e-commerce) and sustainable development in the context of accelerating digitalization and growing environmental concerns. With e-commerce rapidly expanding worldwide, including in Ukraine, the sector is increasingly challenged by its environmental impact, ranging from packaging waste and carbon emissions to energy consumption and overconsumption. Drawing on international research and sustainability frameworks, the study analyzes key ecological issues associated with e-commerce and presents innovative solutions adopted by businesses, such as green logistics, sustainable packaging, and energy-efficient digital infrastructure. It also emphasizes the role of consumer behavior and emerging technologies in shaping a more sustainable e-commerce future. The findings underscore the importance of strategic adaptation to balance economic competitiveness with environmental responsibility.