The Dominant Present-tense Verb Form in the Lyrical Poetry by Mykola Kholodnyi

Abstract

The article deals with the poetic functioning of dominant verb forms, in particular present tense verb forms in the lyrics by the poet of the sixties period Mykola Kholodnyi. The poetic ways to actualize morphological forms and meanings, which are singled out and systematized in the works by Olena Skorobohatova, the scholar, Kharkiv philological school representative, researcher of the poetic language morphology, are highlighted. It is established that along with a number of ways and techniques to feature linguistic units in poetic texts that contribute to the actualization of lexical and grammatical semantics, one of the main methods of actualization in the works by Mykola Kholodnyi is the poetic technique of concentration of morphologically similar units, the result of which in some cases is the formation of the grammatical dominant of the poem or its fragment. The dominant present tense verb forms are accentuated, indicating static, unchanging life situations. It is found out that the poet organically combines morphologically related categories of tense, person and number to create images, mostly socially unequal, opposed by different levels of life. Poetic techniques and principles (concentration, juxtaposition, repetition, the principle of compositionality) are outlined, which essentially influences creating poetic meaning and, along with the grammatical categories of the verb, constitute an individual authorial system of means for reproducing reality and events witnessed by the author himself. The author's individual way to create poetic meaning is defined as the poet's creativity modus. Comprehension of this concept is based on the definition of the term "modus" in the dictionary by Anatolii Zahnitko, as well as on the general scientific definition given in the Great Ukrainian Encyclopedia.