Synergy of civil defense and fire safety in hotel risk management

Abstract

The relevance of the study is driven by the fact that hotel and restaurant business (HRB) enterprises are complex engineering, technical, and social systems with heightened vulnerability (high concentration of people unfamiliar with the building layout; 24/7 operation; presence of technologically hazardous equipment). Recent years, especially under the conditions of full scale military aggression, have shifted the threat paradigm from commercial to existential, bringing issues of physical protection and civil defense (CD) to the forefront. It is proven that the dominant "siloed" (fragmented) management model in Ukraine where aspects of fire safety (FS), civil defense (CD), technological safety (TS), and occupational safety (OS) are regulated, researched, and implemented in isolation is incapable of adequately responding to modern complex and dynamic threats. The purpose of the article is to develop and scientifically substantiate a conceptual model of an integrated safety system (ISS) for HRB enterprises, which ensures a synergistic effect by combining and mutually reinforcing the subsystems of CD, FS, TS, and OS. The article proposes three key scientific re conceptualizations for the first time. First, the role of inclusiveness is re conceptualized: it is proven that the requirements of DBN V.2.2 40:2018 "Inclusiveness of Buildings and Structures" are not merely a social or architectural norm, but a fundamental and integral element of the civil defense and fire safety system. Second, the necessity of transitioning from static FS management models (fixed plans) to dynamic, adaptive models is substantiated. Third, the traditional OS model of "compliance briefing" is re conceptualized into a model of "personnel as an active agent of integrated safety". In this model, OS training becomes a tool for increasing personnel competence in responding to integrated threats (actions during an air raid (CD), panic management (FS), assistance to PRM).