Swimming-Based Physical Activity and Its Influence on Spinal and Mental Health

Abstract

The aim of this work is to present how the human body behaves in water, what the general swimming technique looks like, which muscles are involved in performing the movement, and how this entire process can positively or negatively affect the human spine. By reviewing this work, one can learn about the structure of the human foundation, i.e., the spine, what postural defects occur in the spinal area, and which exercises on land and in water are useful for correction. Technological development, the way of learning, working, and living often contradict the basic activity for which humans are created, namely movement. This frequently results, especially in younger individuals, in disorders of proper functioning and spinal curvatures. Swimming is one of the safest forms of physical activity that can be used in the rehabilitation process, provided it is performed under the supervision of an experienced and knowledgeable instructor or a specialist in physiotherapy. Physical activity is often recommended by specialists in fighting against postural defects and spinal curvatures, as well as solving many other problems including those of mental health. It is recommended for both young people and adults. However, each swimming style affects a specific section of the spine differently, so before starting physical activity, it is worth consulting a specialist or physiotherapist. To understand the impact on the spine, one should first learn the technique and phases of the performed movement, then analyze the work of the muscles performing that movement, and the movement for which these muscles are responsible. Having regard to constant, repetitive movements and repeated muscle work, swimming can shape body posture. This situation can be used to correct postural defects. However, individual swimming styles should be analyzed, and make conclusions regarding the possibility of using a particular style to correct specific postural defects.