Evolution of sustainable business process management: phases and theoretical foundations

Abstract

This article examines the evolution of sustainable Business Process Management (BPM) from its origins in Green IT to its current data-driven maturity. Three phases are identified: technical foundations (2005–2012), managerial integration (2012–2017), and analytical sophistication (2017–2025). Sustainable BPM has progressed from efficiency-oriented initiatives to integrating environmental, social, and economic sustainability. The study draws on stakeholder, institutional, and resource-based theories, as well as life cycle assessment and information systems affordances. Persistent gaps in empirical validation and tool adoption highlight the need for stronger theory–practice integration and methodological synthesis.